Abuse can be perpetrated using technology in a myriad of ways so indicators can be subtle, complicated, and easily dismissed. Be sure to meet survivors with a mental check-list of what to look for and see some of our own examples below.

• Constant calls, texts, and online messages
  Is the survivor coerced into constantly communicating with the perpetrator? Persistent digital contact can be a sign they are being monitored.
• Digital surveillance and tracking
  Does the perpetrator turn up everywhere the survivor is despite not being told where they were going? Is the survivor anxious about engaging with anyone online? Are their likes, shares, or social media friend lists being monitored?
• Restricted access to accounts
  If a survivor cannot access their own accounts without permission or even have had their accounts set up with the perpetrator this may be an indicator. A perpetrator could use this to prevent them accessing finance, emails, or any extra support.

• Fraudulent online finances
  Does the survivor use online banking the perpetrator can access? Is money going missing or being manipulated without their consent?
• Smart home devices
  Though one or two smart home devices are becoming the norm it is how they are used that can be an indicator. Consider if the survivor has equal permissions to use the devices. Are they able to unlock a smart lock or turn off a ring doorbell without anxiety?
• Lack of access to technology
  A survivor having no phone or laptop, or even very outdated models, whilst the rest of the family does could be a serious indicator that they are not managing their own online accounts.